Influencia asiática en la producción de mezcal en la costa de Jalisco. El caso de la raicilla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v11i33.317Keywords:
Mezcal, raicilla, shochu, destilación asiáticaAbstract
Probablemente en el siglo xiii ya se elaboraban destilados de arroz en Tailandia con un aparato destilador rústico que llegó a las zonas templadas de Asia y que derivó en las bebidas conocidas como shochu en el sur de Japón y mas tarde en el siglo xvi en la producción de un destilado de agave o mezcal en la costa de Jalisco. Con los nombres de shochu y de mezcal se distinguen en Japón y en México una gran diversidad de aguardientes; en el primero, procedente de diversas materias primas, y en el segundo principalmente de especies y variedades de agaves. Sin embargo, algunos shochu de las islas de Kuyshu y Okinawa, así como algunos mezcales como la raicilla de El Tuito (municipio de Cabo Corrientes) y los mezcales de Zapotitlán de Vadillo y el de olla de la Manzanilla de la Paz, comparten una misma técnica conocida en México como destilador huichol o asiático y en Japón como “kabutogama chiki”. El conocimiento de la destilación llegó a México después de la conquista y se dispersó no necesariamente por una sola vía, como lo sugieren algunos autores a partir del modelo del “vino de cocos” en el caso del aparato asiático hasta llegar a la tradición tequilera. Tampoco obligatoriamente debieron tener un origen asiático quienes sabían hacer funcionar las técnicas de destilación asiáticas y que lograron sustituir los materiales en cada región a lo largo de la costa occidental de México. De una simplicidad mayor a la de la tradición de los alambiques árabes, esta técnica sobrevive y enlaza una historia entre el Pacifico asiático y el mexicano, que ha sido poco estudiada y que después de 800 años es útil y sobrevive en las comunidades con bebidas microrregionales en ambos continentes.Abstract:Perhaps in XIII century in Thailand some rice ferments were distilled with a simple still technique influencing also northern Asia countries as China, Korea and specially in southern Japan an spirit named as shochu, after that in XVI century this equipment was used also in a Mexican distilled production with agave plants named mescal in Jalisco coastal areas. Shochu and mescal are spirits in Japan and Mexico used to talk about a big diversity of alcoholic beverages, in the first one raw materials have a wide origin (seeds, fruits, potatoes, etc) and in the second one just agave species and varieties are cooked for. Some shochu spirits from Kuyshu and Okinawa islands and some “mezcales” named raicilla from El Tuito (Cabo Corrientes municipality) and others from Zapotitlán de Vadillo and “mescal de olla” from Manzanilla de la Paz with huichol or Asiatic still and named in Japan as “kabutogama chiki”. Distillation was known in Mexico after conquest and their spread knowledge was not strictly conducted by a one region or way in geography and coconut wine pattern as some authors are suggested and after developed in tequila tradition. Also, asiatics or not were making the equipment of hucihol or Asiatic still in different versions and materials along pacific coast. Being a simple technique Asiatic still than Arabian alambique still, this is a link between Asian and Mexican pacific coast, few studies are made and after eight centuries ago people is working with that and producing traditional beverages in micro regionsDownloads
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