José Martí, el océano Pacífico y la colonialidad global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v14i41.365Keywords:
José Martí, océano Pacífico, colonialidad global, B. Anderson, W. Mignolo.Abstract
José Martí es considerado como héroe de la Independencia de Cuba así como un vidente que presagió la expansión imperialista de los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, esta estimación no ha sido siempre positiva para la comprensión cabal de su pensamiento y trayectoria, puesto que se tiende a encerrarlo en el marco del Estado-nación o de América Latina (o en el mejor de los casos, en el marco del hemisferio occidental). Como Martí vivió una época de reconfiguración del mapa del imperialismo, en el que algunos países entraban en escena y otros se retiraban, sería necesario revisar un enfoque más amplio. Bajo dicha premisa, este artículo intentará ubicar su tiempo y su vida en el contexto de una “globalización temprana”, término utilizado por Benedict Anderson en su libro Bajo tres banderas: anarquismo e imaginación anticolonial (2005), para definir la situación mundial entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Revisaremos críticamente sus argumentos, siguiendo algunos conceptos de Walter Mignolo para definir ese tiempo como el de “colonialidad global”. Por último, enfocaremos algunas ideas de Martí sobre el racismo, un modo básico de operación de la colonialidad global.Abstract:José Martí is regarded as a hero of the independence of Cuba and a prophet who foretold the imperialist expansion of the United States. However, this estimate has not always been positive for the full understanding of his thought and career, since it tends to lock him within the frame of nationstate or Latin America (or at best, within the frame of Western Hemisphere). As Marti lived in the era of reconfiguration of the map of imperialism in which some countries came on stage and others were leaving, a more broad approach would be required. Under this premise, this article will attempt to locate his time and life in the context of “early globalization”, a term used by Benedict Anderson in his book, Under Three Flags: Anarchism and Anti-Colonial Imagination (2005), to define the global situation between late nineteenth and early twentieth century. But this article will revise critically his arguments following some concepts of Walter Mignolo to define his time as an era of “global coloniality.” Finally, this article will examine some ideas of Martí about the racism, a basic mode of operation of the global coloniality.Downloads
References
Anderson, Benedict, Bajo tres banderas: anarquismo e imaginación anticolonial, trad.
Seo, Ji Won. Gil, Seúl, 2009 [1ª. ed. en inglés 2005]. Castro, Fidel, “La historia me absolverá”, 1953, en: http://bureau.comandantina.com/archivos/La%20Historia%20me%20absolvera.pdf [consulta: 31 de marzo 2010].
Delgado, L. Elena y Rolando J. Romero, “Local Histories and Global Designs: An Interview with Walter Mignolo”, Discourse, vol. 22, núm. 3, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 2000, pp. 7-33.
Dussel, Enrique, 1492. El encubrimiento del otro, Antropos, Bogotá, 1992. Kim, Jae Yong, “De la literatura mundial norteamericano-eurocéntrica a la literatura mundial global”, Silcheonmunhak, núm. 100, Silcheonmunhak, Seúl, 2010, pp. 28-42.
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