Comercio e inversión coreana en México: el TLC bilateral como víctima de respuestas divergentes a la crisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v14i41.366Keywords:
Corea del Sur, México, tratado de libre comercio, relaciones comerciales, crisis económica, comercio intra-firma.Abstract
La inversión coreana en México ha crecido de manera importante en los últimos 15 a 20 años. Existen más de 1,400 empresas registradas y generan casi 45 mil empleos (0.12% del empleo total de México), lo cual seguramente es mayor a cualquier otro país latinoamericano. Varias de estas empresas contribuyen de manera importante a las exportaciones mexicanas (us$ 7.7 mil millones en 2009), principalmente de artículos electrónicos que son ensamblados en varias plazas del norte del país. Ciertamente las empresas coreanas hacen una contribución relevante a la economía de México y su tendencia es hacia la expansión. El gobierno coreano ha estado muy interesado en promover un tratado de libre comercio con México que, según los estudios, será benéfico para ambas partes. A pesar del presunto interés del gobierno mexicano por esta iniciativa, las negociaciones no han prosperado. Al parecer no es claro en qué pueda beneficiar un nuevo tratado con Corea, aunque ese país sea el sexto socio comercial de México. Un tratado bilateral puede beneficiar a las empresas coreanas y facilitar la importación de insumos para mantener su competitividad en la producción de bienes que se exportan a Estados Unidos desde México. La pregunta es no sólo qué tipo de tratado puede ser aceptable para los empresarios mexicanos, sino qué compromisos se deberían concertar con las empresas coreanas para elevar la participación de empresas mexicanas en las cadenas de producción (no sólo ensamblaje). Partiendo de la idea de que ningún tratado será lo suficientemente adecuado si un país como México, especialmente sus empresarios y gobierno, no genera su propia tecnología y desarrolla programas que vinculen la industria con el sistema educativo de forma diferente, la propuesta de investigación es averiguar (y cuestionar) cómo un acuerdo comercial podría fomentar una mayor integración de empresas mexicanas en la cadena de valor de las empresas coreanas.Abstract:The Korean investment in Mexico has grown significantly over the last 15 to 20 years. There are over than 1400 registered companies which make possible around 45 thousand jobs (0.12% of total employment sector in México), which surely is larger than any other Latin American country. Several of these companies make an important contribution to Mexican exports (U.S. $7.7 billion in 2009), mainly about electronic items which are assembled in some places in the north of the country. Certainly the Korean companies make a significant contribution to the economy of Mexico and the trend is toward expansion. The Korean government has been keen to promote a free trade agreement with Mexico that, according to studies, will be beneficial to both parties. Despite the alleged interest of the Mexican government for this initiative, negotiations have been unsuccessful. It seems that the benefits of a new treaty with Korea are not quite clear, although that country is the sixth largest trading partner of Mexico.A bilateral treaty may benefit Korean companies and facilitate the importation of inputs to maintain their competitiveness in the production of goods that are exported to the U.S. from Mexico. The question is not only what kind of agreement might be acceptable for Mexican entrepreneurs, but what commitments should be drawn from the Korean companies to raise local content of Mexican companies in supply chains (not just assembly). Starting from the idea that no treaty will be adequate enough if a country like Mexico, especially its entrepreneurs and government, does not generate its own technology and develops programs that link industry with the education system differently, the proposed research is to find (and challenge) how a trade agreement would promote further integration of Mexican companies in the value chain of Korean companies.Downloads
References
Aboites, Jaime y Manuel Soria, Economía del conocimiento y propiedad intelectual, México, df, Siglo XXI Editores, 2008.
CCE, Agenda de competitividad: prioridades del sector empresarial 2007, México, Consejo Coordinador Empresarial, 2007.
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Dussel, Enrique, El Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica y el desempeño de la economía en México, México, df, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, 2000.
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