Las políticas de integración económica en el Pacífico asiático y el Pacífico latinoamericano: una perspectiva mexicana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v2i5.409Keywords:
México, China, Estados Unidos, Pacífico asiático, TPP, RCEP.Abstract
En este trabajo se analizan las políticas de integración económica puestas en práctica por los actores internacionales involucrados en la negociación de tres instrumentos en construcción: el Tratado Transpacífico de Asociación Económica Estratégica (TPP), el Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), ambos en el Pacífico asiático, y la Alianza del Pacífico (AP) en el Pacífico americano. En el documento se plantea la perspectiva de México respecto de su participación activa, tanto en el TPP como en la Alianza del Pacífico, así como la necesidad de dar seguimiento, de manera permanente y sistemática, a otros procesos de regionalización de importancia global como el RCEP y el TLC entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. La investigación se fundamenta, principalmente, en las herramientas teóricas de la economía política internacional y el constructivismo tradicional. En este sentido, los temas tratados se abordan desde una perspectiva del análisis de multinivel (poder económico, poder militar y actores internacionales no gubernamentales), pero poniendo énfasis en el nivel económico; los aspectos militares y el papel de los actores internacionales transfronterizos se abordan de manera complementaria. AbstractThis paper analyzes the economic integration policies implemented by economies of both shores of the Pacific basin through three instruments under negotiation: the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and Pacific Alliance (AP). The paper investigates Mexico’s participation in the TPP and the AP. It also points out the importance for the Mexican economy’s relationship between AP and TPP with the RCEP. Referentially analyze the correlation between these three instruments with economic regionalization projects in the Americas and Europe, including new free trade agreements. The research is based mainly on the theoretical tools of international political economy and traditional constructivism. In this sense, the issues are addressed from a multilevel analysis (economic, military and international non-governmental actors), but with an emphasis on the economic level. The military subjects and role of transnational actors are addressing on complementary manner.Downloads
References
América-economía (2013a), “Estados Unidos destaca a la Alianza del Pacífico como modelo pragmático y exitoso”, América-economía, 25 de abril, disponible en: http://www.americaeconomia.com/economia-mercados/finanzas/eeuu-destaca-la-alianza-del-pacifico-como-modelo-pragmatico-y-exitoso
América-economía (2013b), “La Alianza del Pacífico acelera la integración política y económica de sus cuatro socios”, América-economía, 9 de junio, disponible en: http://www.americaeconomia.com/economia-mercados/comercio/la-alianza-del-pacifico-acelera-la-integracion-politica-y-economica-de-su
Armstrong, Shiro (2011), “China’s participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership”, East Asia Forum, 11 de diciembre, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/12/11/china-participation-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership
Basu, Das Sanchita (2013a), “Moving ASEAN+1 FTAs towards an effective RCEP”, ISEAS Perspective, núm. 29, 10 de mayo.
Basu, Das Sanchita (2013b), “The Trans-Pacific Partnership as a tool to contain China: Myth or reality?”, ISEAS Perspective, Singapur, disponible en: http://www.iseas.edu.sg/documents/publication/iseas_perspective_2013_31-the-tpp-as-a-tool-to-contain-china-myth-or-reality.pdf
Bergsten, C. Fred (2007), “China and Economic Integration in East Asia: Implications for the United States”, Policy Briefs in International Economics, núm. pb07-3, marzo. Recuperado de: http://www.iie.com/publ.ications/pb/pb07-3.pdf
BID (2013), “Presidentes de la Alianza del Pacífico acuerdan desgravación total de aranceles”, BID, disponible en: http://www.iadb.org/es/noticias/comunicados-de-prensa/2013-05-24/alianza-del-pacifico,10463.html
Brewer, W. (2010), MFAT P4 Trans-Pacific Partnership. MFAT P4 Trans-Pacific Partnership, disponible en: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/trade-and-economic-relations/trade-agreements
Brilliant, Myron (2010), “A Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific: An Idea with Merit, but is it Feasible?”, The Brookings Institution, disponible en: http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2007/09northeastasia_brilliant.aspx
Cai, Penghong (2012), The Trans-Pacific Partnership: A Chinese Perspective, disponible en: http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_view/1752-the-trans-pacific-partnership-a-chinese-perspective-ppt
Cornejo, Romer, Francisco Javier Haro Navejas, y José Luis León-Manríquez (2013), “Trade Issues and Beyond: Mexican Perceptions on Contemporary China”, Latin American Policy, 4(1), pp. 57-75.
Crowe, Darcy, y Robert Kozak (2013), “Canadá mira a Alianza del Pacífico para impulsar el comercio”, The Wall Street Journal, 23 de mayo, disponible en: http://online.wsj.com/article/sb10001424127887323475304578501281242623620.html
Cuevas, Rodrigo (2013), Negociaciones del Acuerdo Trans-Pacific Partnership, Chile: Universidad de Chile-Instituto de Estudios Internacionales, disponible en: http://www.iei.uchile.cl/noticias/93233/negociaciones-del-acuerdo-trans-pacific-partnership
Dent, M. Christopher (2008), East Asian Regionalism, Nueva York: Routledge.
Drysdale, Peter (2010), “Is the Trans-Pacific Partnership Idea a Dead End?”, East Asia Forum, 15 de noviembre, disponible en: http://www.eastasia-forum.org/2010/11/15/is-the-trans-pacific-partnership-idea-a-dead-end/#more-15232
Drysdale, Peter (2011a), “Are here real dangers in the Trans-Pacific Partnership idea?”, East Asia Forum, 18 de abril, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/04/18/are-there-real-dangers-in-the-trans-pacific-partnership-idea
Drysdale, Peter (2011b), “Obama’s regional summitry”, East Asia Forum, 14 de noviem- bre, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/11/14/obamas-regional-summitry
Drysdale, Peter, y Kenichi Ishigaki (2007), “New Issues in East Asian Economic Integration”, en Drysdale, Peter, y Kenichi Ishigaki, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Critical Perspectives on the World Economy, Nueva York: Routledge, pp. 411-420.
El Mundo (2013), “Noventa millones de dólares en negocios ha dejado la Alianza del Pacífico”, El Mundo, 21 de junio, disponible en: http://www.elmundo.com/portal/noticias/economia/90_millones_de_dolares_en_ negocios_ha_dejado_la_alianza_del_pacifico.php
El País (2013), “La Alianza del Pacífico y la cumbre de Cali”, El País, 10 de junio, disponible en: http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2013/06/10/actualidad/1370850899_293631.html
emol.Economía (2013), “Chile, Colombia, México y Perú alcanzan acuerdo para liberar el 100% de su comercio”, disponible en: http://www.emol.com/noticias/economia/2013/08/27/616631/chile-colombia-mexico-y-peru-alcanzan-acuerdo-para-liberar-el-100-de-su-comercio.html
Feldman, Elliot J. (2010), “China’s Status As A Non-Market Economy”, China- US Trade Low, viewed, 6 de marzo, disponible en: http://www.chinaustra-delawblog.com/
Fergusson, F. Ian (coord.) (2013), The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress, Washington, Congressional Research Service, disponible en: www.crs.gov
Gallagher, K. (2008), “Competing for America’s Business”, The Guardian, 3 de septiembre, disponible en: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentis-free/2008/sep/03/useconomy.mexico
Gallagher, K. (2011), “China Discovers Latin America”, Berkeley Review of Latin Amer- ican Studies, otoño, disponible en: http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/pubs/rp/gallagherbrlasfall2011.pdf
Gobierno de la República, México (2013), Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2013-2018. V. México con responsabilidad global, México: Gobierno de la República.
Hernández Hernández, Roberto (2012), “Economic Liberalization and Trade Relations between Mexico and China”, Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 41(1), pp. 49-96, disponible en: www.giga-journal-family-org
IMF (2011), “World Economic Outlook”, International Monetary Fund, disponible en: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924&s=ngdpd%2cngdpdpc%2cpppgdp%2cppppc%2cbca_ngdpd&grp=0&a=&pr.x=83&pr.y=18
KINC News (2013), “La Alianza del Pacífico logra ‘hito importante’ al cerrar acuerdo económico”, disponible en: http://www.tvkinc.com/2013/08/27/la-alianza-del-pacifico-logra-hito-importante-al-cerrar-acuerdo-economico/
Latin American Herald Tribune (2011), “Mexico Poised to Restrict Import of Chinese Footwear”, Latin American Herald Tribune, 8 de septiembre, disponible en: http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=423566&CategoryId=14091
Menon, Jayant (2013), “The challenge facing Asia’s Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership”, East Asia Forum, 23 de junio, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/06/23/the-challenge-facing-asias-regional-comprehensive-economic-partnership
Méxicoxport (2013), “Promoverán Alianza del Pacífico en Nueva York”, Méxicoxport, 29 de agosto, disponible en: http://www.mexicoxport.com/noticias/7769/promoveran-alianza-del-pacifico-nueva-york
MFA (2010), China and México. Bilateral Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 26 de agosto, disponible en: http://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/gjlb/3508/t17382.htm
Middlebrook, J. Kevin, y E. Zepeda (2003), “On the Political Economy of Mexican Development Policy”, en Middlebrook, J. Kevin, y E. Zepeda (eds.), Confronting Development: Assessing Mexico’s economic and social policy challenges, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile (2006), Acuerdo Estratégico Transpacífico de Asociación Económica, Chile: Dirección General de Relaciones Económica Internacionales.
MOFA (2013), Free Trae Agreement (FTA) and Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), Japón: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, disponible en: http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/fta/index.html
Morales, Roberto (2013), “Sacan jugo a la Alianza del Pacífico”, El Economista, 20 de junio, disponible en: http://eleconomista.com.mx/indus-trias/2013/06/20/sacan-jugo-alianza-pacifico
Moran, T. (2011), “Foreign direct investment in China: Trading competitiveness for access?”, East Asia Forum, 11 de abril, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/04/11/foreign-direct-investment-in-china-trading-competitiveness-for-access
Murray, Hieber, y Liam Hanlon (2012), “ASEAN and Partners Launch Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership”, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, 7 de diciembre, disponible en: http://csis.org/publicación/asean-y-parejas-launch-regional-global-económico-asociación
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (2009), Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement, disponible en http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/Trade-Agreement
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (2013), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), disponible en: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/rcep/
Nye, S. Joseph (2004), Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics, Nueva York: Public Affairs.
Nye, S. Joseph (2013), “Joseph Nye Commentary: American Power in 21st Century”, Korea Times, disponible en: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/news-archive/american-power-21st-century
Palmer, Doug (2011), “U. S. partner set target for Trans-Pacific trade deal”, Reuters, 20 de mayo, disponible en: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/20/us-usa-apec-idustre74h7mv20110520
Rathus, Joel (2009), “East Asia Community: Little chance of a breakthrough at the Trilateral Summit”, East Asia Forum. Recuperado de:
http://esatasiaforum.org
Rosenzweig Mendialdúa, Francisco L. (2012), “México y su ingreso al Acuerdo de Asociación Transpacífico”, Revista de Derecho Económico Internacional, 3(1), pp. 89-96.
Sally, Razeen (2013), “Global value chains, trade policy and Asia”, East Asia Forum, 13 de junio, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/06/13/global-value-chains-trade-policy-and-asia/
Secretaría de Economía (2012), Alianza del Pacífico. Memorias documentales, México: Secretaría de Economía/Administración Pública Federal 2006-2012.
Siew Yean Tham and Zainal Abidin Mahani, (2009) ASEAN-Plus Six as a Vehicle for Regional Integration, from Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), University Kabangsaan, Malaysia. Disponible en: http://www.isis.org.my/files/events/MZA&TSY_Taipei_280907.pdf
University Kabangsaan (s/f ). Regional Integration, Malasia: University Kabangsaan-Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS), disponible en: http://www.isis.org.my/files/events/mza&tsy_tai-pei_280907.pdf
Universopyme (2008), “Firman acuerdo cuotas compensatorias México y China”, Universopyme, disponible en:
http://www.universopyme.com.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2229&Itemid=136
USTR (2013), Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations Maintain Strong Momentum, Estados Unidos: Office of the United States Trade Representative- Executive Office of the President, 24 de mayo, disponible en: http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2013/may/tpp-negotiations-strong-momentum
White, Hugh (2011), “America and China: Strategic choices in the Asia Century”, East Asia Forum, 19 de febrero, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/02/19/america-and-china-strategic-choices-in-the-asian-century/
Williams, R. Brock (2013), Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis, Washington: Congressional Research Service, disponible en: www.crs.gov
Zhang, Yunling (2010), China and the Asian Regionalism, Singapur: World Scientific Publishing, Co.
Zhang, Yunling (2012), “China’s regional and global power”, East Asia Forum, 6 de febrero, disponible en: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/index.php?s=zhng+yunling
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Open Access Policy
This journal provides open access to all its contents, in adherence to the principle that making research freely available supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
MyCP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, also known as CC BY-NC.
Contents are published in both PDF and XML formats.
Authors who publish in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico must accept the following conditions:
Pursuant to Mexican copyright laws, México y la Cuenca del Pacífico acknowledges and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights, which will be assigned to the University of Guadalajara to publish the articles in an open-access mode.
México y la Cuenca del Pacífico does not charge the authors any fees for receiving and processing their articles.
Authors are permitted to enter into other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article version published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico (for example, publishing it in an institutional repository or in other printed or electronic media) as long as they clearly state that the piece was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico.
Pursuant to the above, once the article is approved for publication, authors must send the Assignment of Rights Agreement form duly filled and signed. This form must be sent to mexicoylacuenca@gmail.com as a PDF file.
Readers/users of México y la Cuenca del Pacífico can freely access the journal new issues as soon as they are uploaded. Readers/users are allowed to cite, share (both electronically and physically), print and distribute the material, provided they expressly state that the work was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico. Contents are to be properly cited and never for commercial purposes.
