Coyunturas y recelos de la reinserción internacional de Myanmar

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v3i9.470

Keywords:

Myanmar, relaciones internacionales, sudeste asiático, geopolítica, diplomacia

Abstract

Este artículo se enfoca en analizar el devenir histórico reciente de Myanmar, particularmente su reinserción en el escenario internacional a partir de la demostración de signos de apertura y cambio tras décadas de dictadura militar represiva y aislacionista. Sin embargo, dicha transición expedita, pero inacabada, ha contado de alguna manera con la complacencia de países y algunos organismos internacionales, que parecen mirar de soslayo los muchos pendientes en materia de derechos humanos, democracia y gobernanza que aún prevalecen en la realidad birmana, por lo que se ha generado la interrogante de si han actuado con la convicción de fomentar la regularización de Myanmar en la arena global, o su proceder obedece a cuestiones pragmáticas que buscan, de forma específica, reducir la presencia e influencia china y ocupar un espacio del que han estado ausentes durante mucho tiempo, pero que siempre han considerado de vital importancia geopolítica y geoeconómica.Circumstances and mistrusts of Myanmar’s international reinsertionThis article focuses on analyzing recent historical development of Myanmar, in particular its reintegration into the international scenery from showing signs of openness and change after decades of repressive and isolationist military dictatorship. However, this transition is unfinished and it has counted somehow with the complacency of countries and some international organizations, which seem to look askance many pending issues in the field of human rights, democracy and governance. This gives rise to the question if they have acted in the belief promote the regularization of Myanmar in the global arena or their behavior is due to pragmatic reasons in order to seek specifically reduce the Chinese presence and influence and then occupying a space always considered of great geopolitical importance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abonyi, George (mayo 22, 2012), “From battlefield to marketplace: The Greater Mekong Sub-region”, Fung Global Institute, Real Sector, disponible en http://www.fungglobalinstitute.org/en/battlefield-marketplace-greater-mekong-sub-region

Anónimo (abril 19, 2012), “EU to suspend Burma sanctions”, The Guardian, disponible en http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/19/eu-to-suspend-burma-sanctions

Anónimo (noviembre 15, 2013), “EU-Myanmar business forum starts in Yangon”, Mizzima, Economy, disponible en http://www.mizzima.com/business/economy/item/10571-eu-myanmar-business-forum-starts-in-yangon/10571-eu-myanmar-business-forum-starts-in-yangon

Anónimo (octubre 6, 2012), “Relations with Myanmar: Less thunder out of China”, The Economist, disponible en http://www.economist.com/node/21564279

Chachavalpongpun, Pavin (enero 14, 2013), “Myanmar Open-up and ASEAN”, Prachatai, disponible en http://prachatai.com/english/node/3482

Council of the European Union (abril 22, 2013a), Council conclusions on Myanmar/Burma, disponible en http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/april/tradoc_151047.pdf

Council of the European Union (julio 22, 2013b), Comprehensive Framework for the European Union’s policy and support to Myanmar/Burma, disponible en http://www.consi-lium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/138272.pdf

El Banco Mundial (noviembre 1, 2012), “El Grupo del Banco Mundial intensifica su respaldo para las reformas emprendidas en Myanmar, mediante una nueva estrategia provisional tendente a mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población”, El Banco Mundial, disponible en http://www.ban-comundial.org/es/news/press-release/2012/11/01/world-bank-group-steps-up-support-reforms-myanmar-new-interim-strategy-improve-lives

European Commission (noviembre 3, 2012), José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission. Speech at the Myanmar Peace Centre, disponible en http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_speech-12-771_en.doc

European Union External Action (marzo 5, 2013), The European Union and Burma/Myanmar –A new chapter in bilateral relations, disponible en http://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2013/131021_02_en.pdf

Fernández, Adrián (mayo 13, 2008), “¿Birmania o Myanmar?”, BBC, los blogs de BBC Mundo, disponible en http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/spa-nish/2008/05/_birmania_o_myanmar.html

Frittin, Agnes, y O’Hara, Christopher (2011), “The Myanmar-EU Roadmap. New Possibilities in a Changing Myanmar’, Institute for Security and Development Policy Policy Brief, núm. 52, Institute for Security and Development Policy.

Frittin, Agnes, y Swanström, Niklas (2010), “European sanctions against Myanmar”, Institute for Security and Development Policy Policy Brief, núm. 15, Institute for Security and Development Policy.

Haacke, Jürgen (2012), “Myanmar: Now a Site for Sino-US Geopolitical Competition”, IDEAS Reports, núm. SR015, London School of Economics.

Han Shih, Toh (mayo 13, 2013), “China to remain in Myanmar even as Western firms arrive”, South China Morning Post, Business, disponible en http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1236409/china-remain-influential-myanmar-even-western-firms-arrive

Havel, Vaclav, y Tutu, Desmond (2005), “Threat to peace: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in Burma”, DLA Piper, Rudnick Gray Cary.

Ignatchenko, Igor (noviembre 15, 2012), “Myanmar: New Geopolitical Status”, Strategic Culture Foundation, Columnists, disponible en http://www.strategic-culture.org/news/2012/11/15/myanmar-new-geopolitical-status.html

Khlopkov, Anton, y Konukhov, Dimitry (junio 29, 2011), “Russia, Myanmar and Nuclear Technologies”, Center for Energy and Security Studies, disponible en http://ceness-russia.org/data/doc/myanmareng.pdf

Li, Chenyang (2012), “China–Myanmar Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership: A Regional Threat?”, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 31(1), pp. 53-72.

Matsui, Motokatzu (marzo 2, 2014), “Myanmar expanding ties with Europe to reduce dependence on China”, Nikkei Asian Review, Politics & Economics, disponible en http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Myanmar-expanding-ties-with-Europe-to-reduce-dependence-on-China

Murphy, W. Patrick (febrero 28, 2013), “Human Rights in Burma”, U. S. Deparment of State, Testimony, disponible en http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2013/02/205487.htm

Myanmar President Office (noviembre 15, 2013), Joint press statement by co-chairs Catherine Aston, EU High Representative/Vice President of the Commission U Soe Thane, Union Minister from Ministry of President’s Office, disponible en http://www.president-office.gov.mm/en/?q=print/2948

Naciones Unidas, Asamblea General (2011), Informe del Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Examen Periódico Universal: Myanmar, núm. A/HRC/17/9.

Power, Samantha (noviembre 9, 2012), “Supporting Human Rights in Burma”, The White House, The White House Blog, disponible en http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/11/09/supporting-human-rights-burma

Ramachandran, Sudha (noviembre 8, 2011), “Russia targets China’s clout in Myanmar”, Asia Times Online, South Asia, disponible en http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/mk08df01.html

Schearf, Daniel (mayo 28, 2013), “Burma’s 2 Child Policy’ for Muslims Criticized as Discriminatory”, Voice of America, News, disponible en http://www.

voanews.com/content/burma-two-child-policy-for-muslims-criticized-as-illegal-discriminatory/1669722.html

Sein, Thein (marzo 31, 2011), “President Thein Sein’s Inaugural Speech”, The New Light of Myanmar.

Slack, Megan (mayo 20, 2013), “President Obama Meets with President Thein Sein of Myanmar”, The White House Blog, disponible en http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/05/20/president-obama-meets-president-thein-sein-myanmar

Staggs Kelsall, Michelle (2009), “The New ASEAN Intergovernamental Commission on Human Rights: Toothless Tiger or Tentative First Step?”, Asia Pacific Issues, núm. 90, East West Center.

Stiglitz, Joseph E. (marzo 19, 2012), “Cambio en Birmania”, El País, Economía, disponible en http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2012/03/19/actualidad/1332174052_987306.html

Tea, Billy (2010), “China and Myanmar Strategic Interests, Strategies and the Road Ahead”, IPCS Research Papers, núm. 26, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies.

The White House (mayo 17, 2012a), Statement by President on Burma, The White House, Washington, disponible en http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/05/17/statement-president-burma

The White House (noviembre 19, 2012b), Remarks by President Barack Obama at the University of Yangon, disponible en http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/11/19/remarks-president-obama-university-yangon

The White House (mayo 20, 2013), Remarks by President Obama and President Thein Sein of Myanmar After Bilateral Meeting, disponible en http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/05/20/

Thura, Myat (mayo 27, 2013), “Abe’s Myanmar visit may help Japan parry China’s influence”, Japan Times, News, disponible en http://www.japan-times.co.jp/news/2013/05/27/national/abes-myanmar-visit-may-help-japan-parry-chinas-influence/#.UcsT4F-I5jo

Win, Swe (octubre 17, 2012), “The Jade War”, New York Times, Opinión, disponible en http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/17/clashing-over-jade-ethnic-kachin-continue-to-oppose-the-myanmar-govern-ment/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0

Published

2015-06-15

How to Cite

Cerda Dueñas, C. (2015). Coyunturas y recelos de la reinserción internacional de Myanmar. México Y La Cuenca Del Pacífico, 3(9), 19-46. https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v3i9.470