Entrepreneurs and the Welfare Regime: The Case of South Korea

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v10i28.722

Keywords:

South Korea, business organizations , welfare regimes, social policies, dvocacy coalitions

Abstract

This article explores the social policy preferences of business organizations in South Korea. It seeks to understand whether the preferences found in these organizations (on their web pages, in statements to the press, and in an interview conducted by the author of this text) are approaching or distancing themselves from the historic and conservative pro-growth coalition of the Korean welfare regime, in front of the most recent redistributive coalition.The article is divided into five parts, in addi-tion to the theoretical and historical introduction: a contextual one on Inequality, welfare, and elites in South Korea; a second on Business organiza-tions and welfare in South Korea: the Federation of Korean Industries and the Korea Enterprises Federation; a third, business organizations and welfare in South Korea: political economy and labor protection; a fourth, business organizations and welfare in South Korea: social policies; and a fifth with the conclusions. The article concludes that the business organizations studied continue with the central propositions of the pro-growth coalition, although without showing a residual vision of social policies.  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Enrique Valencia Lomelí, Universidad de Guadalajara

Estudios comparados del desarrollo

References

Referencias

Boyer, R. (2006). La flexicurité danoise: quels enseignements pour la France? [Flexiguridad danesa ¿qué lecciones para Francia?]. Éditions Rue d’Ulm; Presses de l’École normale supérieure.

Boyer, R. (2014). Los mundos de la desigualdad. Un análisis a partir de la teoría de la regulación y una respuesta a Thomas Piketty. Editorial Octubre.

Choi, K. (2014, marzo 4). More firms mull retirement extension plans. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/12/693_152734.html

Choi, S. (2016, diciembre 8). Disband chaebol lobby. The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2019/02/673_215861.html

Chung, H. (2012, junio 17). Corporations hoarding cash? The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/biz/2019/06/488_113183.html

Cornia, G. A. (2016). The decline and recent uptick of income inequality in Latin America, 2002–13. En UNESCO e International Social Science Cou-ncil, World Social Science Report, 2016: Challenging inequalities, pathways to a just world (pp. 201-205). UNESCO.

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Polity Press.

Esping-Andersen, G. (1999). Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford University Press.

Fiori, A., & Kim, S. (2011). The Dynamics of Welfare Policy-Making in South Korea: Social Movements as Policy Entrepreneurs. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 5(2), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-1411.2011.00053.x

FKI. (1999, febrero 11). The Charter of Business Ethics. FKI. http://www.fki.or.kr/en/About/Charter1.aspx

FKI. (2003 abril 21). FKI’s Vision & Mission. FKI. http://www.fki.or.kr/en/About/Charter3.aspx

FKI. (2020). Who are the members of FKI? FKI. http://www.fki.or.kr/en/About/fkiInfo.html#3

Fleckenstein, T., & Lee, S. Ch. (2017). Democratization, post-industrialization, and East Asian welfare capitalism: the politics of welfare state reform in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Journal of International and Comparative So-cial Policy, 33(1), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1288158

Hirschman, A. O. (1977). Salida, Voz y Lealtad. FCE.

Holliday, I. (2005). East Asian Social Policy in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: Farewall to Productivism. Policy and Politics, 33(1), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1332/0305573052708465

Inglehart, R., Haerpfer, C., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. et al. (Eds.). (2014). World Values Survey: Round Six - Country-Pooled Datafile Version. JD Systems Institute. http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp

Jun, I., & Sheldon, P. (2006), Looking beyond the West? The Korea Employers’ Federation and the Challenges of Membership Adhesion and Cohesion. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 17(1), 203-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/103530460601700108

Jun, I., Sheldon, P., & Lee, K. (2018). The Korea Employers’ Federation and the development on Korean industrial relations. En Y. Lee & B. E. Kaufman (Eds.), The Evolution of Korean Industrial and Employment Relations (pp. 63-82). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Kang, W. (2015). Inequality, the welfare system and satisfaction with democracy in South Korea. International Political Science Review, 36(5), 493-509. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192512114521053

Kim, N. N. (2018). Wealth Inequality in Korea, 2000–2013. Evidence from Inheritance Tax Statistics. Journal of the Korean Welfare State and Social Policy, 2(1), 26-57.

Kim, R. (2013, agosto 25). Firms moving factories abroad. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/11/693_141667.html

Kim, T. (2009, julio 1). Employers Divided on Non-Regular Workers Law. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/na-tion/2009/07/117_47796.html

Kim T. (2011, mayo 16). Militant trade unions boost national compe titiveness. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/10/693_87078.html

Kim, Y. (2013, diciembre 22). Firms may boost factory relocations. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2019/04/133_148364.html

Kim, Y. (2015, marzo 22). FKI calls for regulatory easing. The Korea Times. http://www2.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2019/05/133_175677.html

lasen, S., Scholl, N. Lahoti, R. Ochmann, S., & Vollmer, S. (2016). Inequality–Worldwide Trends and Current Debates (Discussion Papers 206). Courant Research Centre PEG.

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2009, octubre 13). Status of increasing social security cost for enterprise and policy directions. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=859&pageNum=30

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2010, octubre 1). Business stand point regarding the government’s plan to deal with the low birthrate and aging society. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=1029&pageNum=33

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2013a, julio 12). 2013 Research on Extension of the Retirement Age. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=4890&pageNum=20

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2013b, abril 30). Business standpoint on recent legislation about economic and labor issues. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=4750&pageNum=21

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2013c, octubre 31). Experience in advanced countries to achieve 70% employment rate and its impli-cations. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=5269&pageNum=23

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2014a, febrero 11). Business comment on the government’s “lifecycle career management support plan for female workers”. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=5589&pageNum=15

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2014b, agosto 29). Current Status of Social Insurance Burden and Suggestions for Improvement. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=6069&pageNum=17

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2014c, octubre 24). Business Stand point on the measure to “Enhancing coverage of social insurance for part-time jobs”. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=6289&pageNum=14

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015a, enero 1). 2015 New Year’s Message from KEF. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=6549&pageNum=16

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015b, febrero 2). Business Stance On The Government’s Policy On Occupational Safety And Health In novation. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=6609&pageNum=10

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015c, junio 29). Business Stance On The Determination of Health Insurance Rate for 2016. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=6929&pageNum=10

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015d, septiembre 3). Business Stance On The Labor Reform. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=7209&pageNum=13

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015e, septiembre 21). Current Status of Social Insurance Cost and Suggestions for Improvement. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=7369&pageNum=15

Korea Enterprises Federation KEF. (2015f, diciembre 8). Research on Features and Current Situation of Wage Peak Systems. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=7649&pageNum=12

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2015g, diciembre 16). Declaration of Business Actions to Overcome Low Birth Rate. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=7650&pageNum=10

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2016a, enero 1). 2016 New Year’s Message from KEF. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=7729&pageNum=5

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2016b, junio 24). Business Stance on the Implementation of Customized Childcare to Overcome an Era of Low Growth. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=8250&pageNum=

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2016c, octubre 17). Current Status of Social Insurance Cost and Suggestions for Improvement. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=8669&pageNum=0

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2017a, marzo 27). KEF Survey on the Changes in Personnel Management and Wage Systems since the Legislation of Retirement Age to 60. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_in-tro_6_1.jsp?num=9389&pageNum=6

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2017b, junio 23). Business Stance on the Introduction of Industrial Accident Insurance to Commuting Accidents. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=9729&pageNum=5

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2017c, Julio 19). Business Stance on the Determination of the Minimum Wage for 2018. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=9689&pageNum=0

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2017d, agosto 21). Business Stance on the New Administration’s Preventive Measures on Serious Industrial Accidents. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=9849&pageNum=5

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018a, enero 1). 2018 New Year’s Message from KEF. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=10332&pageNum=4

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018b, marzo 12). Inauguration speech by the 7th KEF chairman. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_in-tro_6_1.jsp?num=10610&pageNum=4

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018c, abril 13). “Opinion of management about the entire amendment bill of the Industrial Safety Health Act” submit-ted by the KEF. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=10629&pageNum=3

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018d, abril 19). Business Stance on Disclosing Safety & Health Data. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=10649&pageNum=3

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018e, julio 4). KEF made a Historic Turning Point at its Extraordinary General Meeting. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=10929&pageNum=3

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018f, Julio 23). KEF objects the Reported Minimum Wage for 2019. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_in-tro_6_1.jsp?num=11069&pageNum=2

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018g, noviembre 6). Business Stance on the raising the Long-term Care Insurance for 2019. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=11889&pageNum=1

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018h, diciembre 10). KEF Submitted Employers’ Statement on Eight Key Bills to the National As-sembly. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=12109&pageNum=1

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018i, diciembre 17). Employers Strongly Oppose the Government’s Amendment of the Minimum Wage Enforce-ment Decree. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=12209&pageNum=1

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2018j, diciembre 24). KEF announced “2017 Social Insurance Contribution Borne by the Nation”. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_6_1.jsp?num=12169&pageNum=1

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2019, abril 10). Business comments on Ministry of Health and Welfare’s proposal on the 1st Comprehensive National Health Insurance Plan. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_in-tro_6_1.jsp?num=12629&pageNum=0

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2020a). Chairman’s Remarks. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_1.jsp

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2020b). KEF Wage Peak Model. KEF. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/labor_infocus_view.jsp?num=964

Korea Enterprises Federation (KEF). (2020c). Services and Offers. KEF. http://www.kefplaza.com/kef/kef_eng_intro_9.jsp

Korea Herald. (2015, julio 13). Biz groups urged to adopt flexible working system. Korea Herald. http://heraldk.com/en/2015/07/13/biz-groups-urged-to-adopt-flexible-working-system/

Korea Labor Institute (KLI). (2017). 2017 IV Working Life. KLI Labor Statistics Archive. https://www.kli.re.kr/kli_eng/selectBbsNttView.do?key=381&bbsNo=35&nttNo=131409&searchY=&searchCtgry=&searchDplcCtgry=&searchCnd=all&searchKrwd=&pageIndex=1&integrDeptCode=

Korea Times. (2016a, mayo 10). FKI presses for seven regulatory reforms to create jobs. The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2020/07/129_204369.html

Korea Times. (2016b, junio 26). S. Koreans workers’ productivity drops in last 5 years: FKI survey. The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/12/113_207879.html

Lee, D. (2018). The evolution of family policy in South Korea: From Confucian familism to Neo-familism. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 12(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/aswp.12137

Lee, H. (2015a, junio 29). Baby boomers urged to share fruits with young. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2019/03/693_181821.html

Lee, H. (2015b, agosto 31). Businesses demand easier dismissals. The Korea Ti-mes. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2019/06/693_185898.html

Lee, H. (2017, abril 30). Firms feared to leave Korea due to high taxes. The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/biz/2020/02/602_228524.html

Lee, K. (2020, junio 29). Minimum wage discussion to strain businesses. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/na-tion/2020/07/367_291998.html

Lee, S., Duvander, A. Z., & Zarit, S.H. (2016). How can family policies reconcile ertility and women’s employment? Comparisons between South Korea and Sweden. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 22(3), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2016.1202027

Peng, I. (2011). The Good, the Bad and the Confusing: The Political Economy of Social Care Expansion in South Korea. Development and Change, 42(4), 905–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01724.x

Piketty, T. (2013). Le capital au XXIe siècle [El Capital en el Siglo XXI]. Éditions du Seuil.

Sabatier, P. A., & y Weible. Ch. M. (2007). The Advocacy Coalition Framework. Innovations and Clarifications. En P. A. Sabatier (Ed.), Theories of the Policy Process (pp. 189-220). Westview Press.

Shin, D. (2003). Social and Economic Policies in Korea. Ideas, Networks and Linkages. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203449967

Sun, H. (2002). The political economy of Democratic Consolidation. Dynamic Labour Policy in South Korea. Chonnam National University Press.

The Social Science Research Institute. (2019). ISSP-International Social Survey Programme 2009. https://fel.hi.is/issp_international_social_survey_pro-gramme_0

Valencia, E. (1996). Deux ajustements, deux trajectoires: les politiques d’ajustement de la Corée du Sud et du Mexique (1979-1992) [Tesis de Doc-torado, Universidad de París VII].

Valencia, E. (2009). El debate sobre los regímenes de bienestar en el este de Asia. El caso de Corea del Sur. En C. Barba, G. Ordóñez-Barba & E. Valencia Lomelí (Coords.), Más allá de la pobreza. Regímenes de bienestar en Europa, Asia y América (pp. 291-324). El Colegio de la Frontera Norte; Universidad de Guadalajara.

Valencia, E. (2019). Coaliciones y transformación del régimen de bienestar en Corea del Sur (1987-2011). En J. L. Calva (Coord.). Trampas de desigualdad y cambios de régimen (pp. 167-197). Juan Pablos Editor; Consejo Nacional de Universitarios.

Yoon, J. (2016, mayo 4). Business lobby pushes for shorter work hours. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/11/693_204084.html

Published

2020-12-18 — Updated on 2021-08-13

Versions

How to Cite

Valencia Lomelí, E. (2021). Entrepreneurs and the Welfare Regime: The Case of South Korea. México Y La Cuenca Del Pacífico, 10(28), 35-70. https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v10i28.722 (Original work published December 18, 2020)