Panorama of inter-Korean relations in the era of Kim Jong-un
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v2i3.398Abstract
La muerte de Kim Jong-il en diciembre de 2011 marcó la llegada al poder de su hijo menor Kim Jong-un como el nuevo líder norcoreano, garantizando la sucesión dinástica del régimen iniciado por Kim Il-sung y heredándole la responsabilidad de mantener la continuidad del poder en Corea del Norte, una entidad política polémica por su naturaleza autárquica, dictatorial, discurso beligerante y de desarrollo armamentista. Así, la llegada de Jong-un guarda implicaciones tanto geopolíticas en lo exterior determinadas por el programa nuclear norcoreano, y cambios en el contexto político de la península, derivados en la postura del nuevo líder hacia el sur y su voluntad de (no) lograr avances en la reconciliación. En lo que corresponde a las relaciones entre las Coreas, caracterizadas por la búsqueda de reconciliación y reunificación, se han presentado tanto avances como retrocesos oscilantes entre el conflicto y la cooperación, pero permaneciendo siempre en un estado de tensión latente. Por eso, en el aná- lisis multidimensional utilizado para explicar el panorama del estado de las cosas en la península, elementos como la política nacional, las relaciones íntercoreanas diádicas, las políticas de superpotencias y el rol de las organizaciones internacionales son clave para entender de forma integral el curso presente y futuro de las relaciones entre las Coreas. En ese sentido, 2012 es un año decisivo para ambas Coreas. Mientras que en Corea del Norte los principales retos para Kim Jong-un son conservar la aprobación en lo interno y mantenerse en lo externo, con el objetivo de reforzar su poder con el respaldo de actores clave; en Corea del Sur se realizarán en diciembre las décimo octavas elecciones presidenciales, lo que representará un cambio tanto de liderazgo como de postura hacia el norte. Abstract: The demise of Kim Jong-il in December of 2011 meant the emergence of his youngest son Kim Jong-un as North Korea’s new leader, guarantying the regime’s dynastic succession since Kim Il-sung’s decease and inheriting Jongun the responsibility of continuity maintenance of North Korea, a polemic political entity for its self-reliance nature, dictatorship, belligerent discourse and nuclear and missile programs. Thus, Jong-un’s ascent takes over geopolitics implications at external level- determined by North Korea’s nuclear program- and changes in the peninsula’s political context- determined by the new leader’s politics toward the south and his will of achieving paths of reconciliation. Since the division of the peninsula in 1945, progress and setbacks can be observed in inter-Korean relations- characterized by the permanent seeking of reconciliation and reunification- oscillating from conflict to cooperation, and thus maintaining a status of latent conflict. As a result of that situation, a multidimensional analysis shapes the panorama of inter-Korean reality by introducing key elements for a wider understanding of the present and future of inter-Korean relations: the local level; inter-Korean dyadic level; role of Great Power Politics in Northeast Asia and international organization. In this regard, the year 2012 is a decisive one for both Koreas. While the main challenges of North Korea’s new leadership are the maintenance of internal approval of elites and survival of the regime in light of international pressures, In South Korea the 18th presidential election is coming, which means that a possible polity change towards North Korea will take part of the panorama.Downloads
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