Sinaloa: ¿cluster agroindustrial o territorio desincrustado?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v14i41.369Keywords:
Agroindustria, cluster, México, Sinaloa.Abstract
El crecimiento a largo plazo de las exportaciones hortícolas de Sinaloa, dirigidas sobre todo a Estados Unidos, así como su conformación como la región más importante en la producción de hortalizas para exportación, lleva a preguntarnos sobre el impacto regional de dicha actividad. Entre las diversas formas de evaluación de tal impacto existe una que consiste en observar el grado de desarrollo de un conglomerado o cluster de tipo agroindustrial, centrado en torno a la horticultura de exportación. Experiencias de otros países y regiones muestran que la consolidación de clusters constituye un poderoso motor para el desarrollo de las regiones, en particular dentro de la globalización económica. El propósito del presente estudio es valorar la experiencia de Sinaloa y averiguar si existe o no y hasta qué grado si así fuera, un cluster agroindustrial centrado en la horticultura exportadora. Para ello se analizan, para el caso de Sinaloa, cada uno de los elementos que se han reconocido por los estudiosos del tema, como componentes fundamentales de un cluster. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que aunque en un cierto momento se dieron intentos para la consolidación de un cluster, éstos fueron insuficientes y desembocaron en una situación que denominamos “territorio desincrustado” (disembedded territory) en torno a un cluster incompleto y estancado.Abstract:The long-term growth of horticultural exports from Sinaloa mainly to the United States, as well as its consolidation as the most important zone in Mexico in the production of frresh vegetables for export, lead us to question about the regional impact of this economic activity. Among the several ways of evaluation of such an impact, one of them is to observe the level of development of an agro-industrial cluster centered on export horticulture. Experiences all over the world show that the consolidation of clusters is a powerful engine for the development of regions within the economic globalization. Aim of this research is an evaluation of Sinaloa´s experience and to find out if an agroindustrial cluster based on export horticulture exists or not, and how far it is eventually developed. Accordingly, there are analyzed, for Sinaloa´s case, each element necesary for the existence of a cluster. The outcomes of this research show that although in the past there were attempts to consolidate a cluster, these were insufficient and they led to a situation that I propose to name of a disembedded territory, based on an incomplete and stagnant clusterDownloads
References
Asociación Mexicana de la Industria Fitosanitaria, ac, Informe Anual 2008, México, 2008. Véase también la página electrónica de la asociación en: www.amifac.org.mx.
Aznar Sánchez, J. A., La competencia entre la horticultura intensiva de Marruecos y España, Cizur Menor, España, Cajamar, Thomson Civitas, 2006.
Bajo, A., “La vinculación como componente estratégico en la formación de clusters en las regiones del estado de Sinaloa, desde una perspectiva de la economía del conocimiento”.
Congreso Iberoamericano: Ciudadanía y Políticas Públicas en Ciencia y Tecnología, Madrid, España, febrero 5-8, 2008.
Beraud Lozano, J. L., Galindo Reyes, J. G. y Covantes Rodríguez, C. (coords.), Jornaleros y medio ambiente: los agroquímicos en la agricultura sinaloense, Culiacán, México, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 2008.
Caldentey Albert, P., “El distrito agro-comercial del campo de Dalías (España)”, Agroalimentaria, 1998, núm. 7, pp. 21-28.
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