Sino-Mexican Energy Cooperation Opportunities in the Crude Oil Sector in the Context of Energy Reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v6i17.530Keywords:
China, Mexico, energy cooperation, energy reform, crude oil.Abstract
This paper analyzes the possibilities of improving Sino-Mexican energy cooperation in the context of Mexican energy reform. To do this, we divided the article into two sections. The first section concerns opportunities for Sino-Mexican energy cooperation considering the economic and energy status of Mexico and its relationship with energy reform. The second section analyzes the challenges of Sino-Mexico energy cooperation in three areas: competition between international energy enterprises, domestic factors in Mexico and the uncertainty of the international energy market. This paper concludes with several suggestions for promoting Sino-Mexico energy cooperation.Downloads
References
Alpizar-Castro, I. and Rodríguez-Monroy, C. (2016). Review of Mexico’s energy reform in 2013: Background, analysis of the reform and reactions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58(5): 725-736.
Bnamericas. (2016). Petróleos Mexicanos S. A. de C. V. Retrieved April 29, 2016 from http://www.bnamericas.com/company-profile/en/petroleosmexicanos-sa-de-cv-pemex
Bonafé, E., Beltrán, E. and Neira, J. F. (2016). Mexico’s Energy Sector under the Universal Principles of the 2015 International Energy Charter. Brussels: Energy Charter Secretariat. Retrieved June 3, 2016 from http://www.energycharter.org/fileadmin/DocumentsMedia/Occasional/Mexico_Report.pdf
Bp China.(n/d). bp 2035世界能源展望 [bp 2035 World Energy Outlook]. bp中国[bp China]. Retrieved May 3, 2016 from http://www.bp.com/zh_cn/china/reports-and-publications/bp_20351.html
British Petroleum. (2016). Energy Outlook Data. Retrieved December 13, 2016 from http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook-2035.html
Carpenter, W. (2015, October 13). The Biggest Oil Producers in Latin America. Investopedia. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/101315/biggest-oil-producers-latin-america.asp
Centro de Economía Internacional. (2016). El derrumbe del precio del petróleo y sus consecuencias para América Latina. Retrieved February 4, 2016 from:http://www.cei.gob.ar/es/el-derrumbe-del-precio-del-petr%C3%B3leo-ysus-consecuencias-para-am%C3%A9rica-latina
Chen, W. (2015). 油价暴跌,谁喜谁忧谁主沉浮 [Oil Price Plummet, All Hold A Different Attitude]. 《中国石油和化工》[Petro China and Chemicals],1(1): 45-48.
Chen, Z. (1993). 北美自由贸易协定与墨西哥石油工业前景 [Prospects of nafta and Mexican Oil Industry]. 《国际石油经济》[International Petroleum Economics], 1(1): 19-22.
China Customs. (n/d). Trade Statics-Commodity Statistics. Retrieved September 4, 2016 from http://www.haiguan.info/OnLineSearch/TradeStat/StatComSub.aspx?tid=1
CIA. (2016). The World Factbook: Country Comparison, Crude Oil - Proved Reserves. Retrieved February 4, 2016 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2244rank.html
CNPC. (2013a, April 26). 东方物探提效增速有良方 [A Good Way of bgp to Enhance Efficiency and Increase Speed]. Cnpc News. Retrieved from http://news.cnpc.com.cn/epaper/sysb/20130426/0082631004.htm
CNPC. (2013b, June 20), 墨西哥能源改革前景难料 [Unknown Prospects of Mexican Energy Reform]. Cnpc News. Retrieved from http://news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2013/05/20/001427771.shtml
CNOOC. (2014). 中国海洋石油总公司与墨西哥国家石油公司签署合作谅解备忘录 [China National Offshore Oil Corporation and Pemex Signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation]. Retrieved December 4, 2015 from http://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2014/11/13/art_191_1666801.html
COSL. (2015). 中海油服模块钻机获墨西哥国家石油公司表扬 [cosl Received Endorsement from Pemex for Module Rigs]. Retrieved April 6, 2016 from http://www/cosL.com.cn/art/2015/3/10/art_14991_1972201.html
Ding, Y. (1982a). 墨西哥的石油政策(上)[Mexican Oil Policy (the First Volume)], 中东石油问题》[Oil Problems of the Middle East], 1(1): 27-52.
Ding, Y. (1982b). 墨西哥的石油政策(下)[Mexican Oil Policy (the Second Volume)], 《国际石油经济》[International Petroleum Economics], 1(1):53-72.
Doherty, K. (2015). The Oil is ours. Houston Law Review, 53(1): 245-272.
Dollar, D. (2016, January 6). Anchor aweigh? China’s currency devaluation and the global economy. Brookings. Retrieved from: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2016/01/06-chinese-currencydevaluation-global-economy-dollar
EIA. (2014). An interview with Felipe Calderón: Mexico’s energy reforms. Retrieved May 8, 2016 from: http://www.iea.org/ieaenergy/issue7/aninterview-with-felipe-calderon-mexicos-energy-reform.html
EIA. (2015a). Mexico: Mexico International energy data and analysis. Retrieved May 10, 2016 from: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis_includes/countries_long/Mexico/mexico.pdf
EIA. (2015b). Medium-Term Oil Market Report 2015. Paris: oecd Publishing. doi: http://0-dx.doi.org.millenium.itesm.mx/10.1787/oilmar-2015-en
Energy web-China Energy Newspaper. (2014, November 5). 国际油价溃跌的背后 [Truth behind International Oil Price Slum]. 能源网-中国能源报 [Energyweb-China Energy Newspaper]. Retrieved from http://www.cnenergy.org/dujia/201411/t20141105_332151.html
González, J., Mendoza, J. and Zhang, J. (2015). The impact of China on Mexico-usa Relations: Economic Evolution and Strategic Possibilities. Análisis Económico, 30(75): 29-43.
Guo, D. (2011). 中墨经贸关系的机遇与挑战 [Opportunities and Challenges of Sino-Mexican Economic and Trade Relations]. 《国际经济合作》 [International Economic Cooperation], 6(1): 73-77.
Huang, Y. (2013). Pemex 深化与中国能源合作 [Pemex Deepened its Energy Cooperation with China]. Retrieved April 4, 2016 from http://paper.people.com.cn/gjjrb/html/2013-04/09/content_1222448.htm?div=-1
Ifeng. (2015, February 4). Conspiracy Theory of Crude Oil Coming True Overseas Media Disclosed Inside Story of Saudi Arabia’s Guiding International Oil Price Slump. Ifeng. Retrieved from http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20150204/13482017_0.shtml
Lei, S. and Yin, J. (2014). 墨西哥能源改革对中国石油公司的启示与建议 [Enlightenment and Suggestions of Mexican Energy Reform to Chinese Oil Companies]. 《中国矿业》[China Mining Magazine], 11(1): 19-21.
López, S. (2014). China’s energy policy in Mexico: Opportunities and Challenges. Orientando, 8(4): 89-114.
Malkin, E. and Krauss, C. (2016, December 5). Oil and Gas Industry Leaders Eagerly Take Stakes in Mexican Offshore Fields. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/business/energyenvironment/oil-and-gas-industry-takes-stakes-in-mexican-offshorefields.html?_r=0
McCrummen, S. (2013, August 13). Mexican oil workers fear Pemex proposal. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-oil-workers-fear-pemex-proposal/2013/08/13/fb972286-044e-11e3-a07f-49ddc7417125_story.html
Medlock, K. B. and Soligo, R. (2011). The Scenarios of Oil Supply, Demand and Net Exports from Mexico. James A. Becker Institute for Public Policy. Retrieved March 18, 2016 from http://bakerinstitute.org/files/514/
Melgar, L. (2015). Transforming Mexico’s Energy Sector New Investment Opportunities. Negocios: ProMexico. 11(1): 118-122.
Montes, J. (2015, June 25). Pemex in Talks with Union over Pension, Labor Reforms. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/pemex-in-talks-with-union-over-pension-labor-reforms-1435260215
National Energy Administration. (2013a). 墨西哥能源改革一触即发 [Imminent Mexican Energy Reform]. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www.nea.gov.cn/2013-08/15/c_132631896.htm
National Energy Administration. (2013b). 中墨关系超越双边范畴 墨西哥将向中国出口石油 [Sino-Mexican Relations Surpass Bilateral Scope and Mexico Will Export Oil to China]. Retrieved March 20, 2016 from http://www.nea.gov.cn/2013-06/07/c_132436969.htm
Notimex. (2015, March 9). Con reforma energética, más de 212 mil nuevos empleos y 62 mil 530 mdd en inversión. Notimex. Retrieved from http://www.notimex.gob.mx/acciones/verNota.php?clv=256368
O’Neil, S. (2013, September 24). Public Perceptions of Mexico’s Reform Agenda. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://blogs.cfr.org/oneil/2013/09/24/public-perceptions-of-mexicos-reform-agenda/Stephanie
Pacto por México. (2012). Pacto por México: Desarrollo económico y bienestar social. Retrieved June 13, 2016 from http://pactopormexico.org/pactopor-Mexico-25.pdf
Padierna, D. (2015). La reforma energética frente a la realidad. El Cotidiano, 192(4): 110-120.
Pemex. (2010). Annual Report. Retrieved June 17, 2016 from http://www.pemex.com/informes/anual_report/lines_business/index.html
Saldaña, O. (2014, December 22). Diez consecuencias económicas de la reforma energética. Forbes México. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com.mx/10-consecuencias-economicas-de-la-reforma-energetica/
Samples, T. E. (2016). A New era for Energy in Mexico? The 2013-14 Energy Reform. Texas International Law Journal, 50(6): 603-644.
Seelke, C., Ratner, M., Villareal M. A. and Brown, P. (2015). Mexico’s Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts and Implications for the United States. Retrieved June 10, 2016 from https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R43313.pdf
Shields, D. (2015). El impacto de la reforma económica: Foro de discusión. El Cotidiano, 192(7): 7-21.
Sinopecnews. (2012, December 27). 石勘院与DS石油公司达成合作意向[Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec and ds Oil Company Reached Cooperation Intention]. Sinopec News. Retrieved from http://www.sinopecnews.com.cn/news/content/2012-12/27/content_1246544.shtml
SLDT. (n/d). 定向井技术 [Directional Well Techniques]. Retrieved August 2, 2016 from http://www.sldt.com.cn/dxjjs.aspx
Soto, O. (2013, September 16). Pemex: El lastre de los problemas financieros. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com.mx/pemex-el-lastre-delos-problemas-financieros/
Sun, H. (2013). A Model for Energy Cooperation between China and Latin America. Problemas del Desarrollo, 45(176): 9-30.
Sun, H. (2014), 墨西哥能源改革:动因、前景及挑战 [Mexican Energy Reform: Motivation, Prospects and Challenges]. 《国际石油经济》 [International Petroleum Economics], 3(1): 7-14.
Sun, Y. (2015), 墨西哥打开能源机遇之门 [Mexico Opened the Door of Energy Opportunity].《进出口经理人》[Imp-Exp Executive], 3(1): 66-69.
SXCOAL. (2013). 中国石化物探队伍首次进入墨西哥市场 [Geophysical Prospecting Team of Sinopec Entered the Mexican Market for the First Time].Retrieved March 13, 2016 from http://www.sxcoal.com/sy/3184003/print.htm
Tang, C. (2014, December 12). International Gambling behind Crude Oil Price Slump. Shanghai Securities News. Retrieved from http://finance.sina.com.cn/money/future/fmnews/20141212/022321057157.shtml
Tapia, P. and Barbosa, C. (2016, February 15). Pemex tuvo déficit financiero de casi 147 mil mdp en 2015. Milenio. Retrieved from http://www.milenio.com/negocios/Pemex-perdio-mil-mdp_0_683931619.html
The Economist. (2014, August 5). Mexico’s oil-workers’ union: Over a barrel of Slops. The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2014/08/mexico-s-oil-workers-union
The State Council P. R. China. (2013). 新兴际华集团与墨西哥石油公司签署合 作备忘录 [Xinxing Cathay International Group Co., Ltd. and Pemex Signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation]. Retrieved May 6,2016 from http://www.gov.cn/ztzl/2013-04/08/content_2372478.htm
Turchiano, R. (2013, December 1). 40,000 protest Mexico leader on inauguration anniversary. Engineering Evil. Retrieved from https://engineeringevil.com/2013/12/01/40000-protest-mexico-leader-on-inauguration-anniversary/
Vega y León, S. (2015). El impacto de la reforma económica: Foro de discusión. El Cotidiano, 192(7): 7-21.
Ventura, J. (2014). 中国-墨西哥 :投资合作与共同未来 [China-Mexico: Investment Cooperation and Common Future]. 《中国投资》 [China Investment], 9(1): 65-67.
Villiers, D. (2014, August 14). Mexico’s Energy Reforms Become Law. Brookings. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/articles/mexicosenergy-reforms-become-law/
Wang, L.(2013). 墨西哥能源领域大门将启 [The Door of Energy Field in Mexico Will Be Opened]. 《中国对外贸易》 [China’s Foreign Trade], 4(1): 78-79.
Wang, L. (2014, November 3). Ongc拟开启1800亿美元海外消费‘盛宴’ [ongc Will Open a 180,000,000,000-Dollar Overseas Consumption ‘Feast’]. 《人民日报》[People’s Daily], p. 8.
Williams, A. (2016, April 20). Pemex ceo Races to Find Partners as Financial Woes Deepen. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-20/pemex-ceo-races-to-bring-in-partners-asfinancial-woes-deepen
World Bank. (2016). Mexico: Country at glance. Retrieved May 17, 2016 from http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mexico
Xia, H. and Li, Y. (2015). 中国-墨西哥贸易优化与发展研究 [A Study on the Optimization and Development of Sino-Mexican Trade]. 《特区经济》 [Special Zone Economy], 11(1): 85-87.
Yu, L. (2015). 2014年主要资源国国家石油公司经营状况与战略动向 [2014 Operation Status and Strategy Tendency of National Oil Companies of Main Resources Countries]. 国际石油经济》[International PetroleumEconomics], 8(1): 63-68.
Yuan, L. (2013, May 8). 墨石油业寻求亚洲贸易与投资 [Mexican Oil Industry Looked for Trade and Investment in Asia].《国外测井技术》[World Well Logging Technology],3(1): 78.
Zhang, X. and Zhang, G. (2013). 墨西哥初现私有化端倪 [The First Appearance of Privatization in Mexico]. 《中国石油石化》[China Petrochem], 8(1): 56-57.
Zhao, C. (2015). 新兴际华:引领全球化布局 [Xinxing Cathay International Group Co., Ltd.: Lead Global Layout]. 《国企》[Chinasoe], 6(1): 26-27.
Zhong, W. (2015). 原油价格暴跌:阴谋还是阳谋?[Crude Oil Price Slump: Conspiracy or Overt Scheme?].《中国外汇》[China Foreign Exchange], 1(1): 22-24.
Zhu, Y. and Guo, Y. (2015). 墨西哥油气市场环境动向与潜在机会[Environmental Trend and Potential Opportunity of Mexican Oil and Gas Market]. 《国际石油经济》[International Petroleum Economics], 7(1): 89-93.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Open Access Policy
This journal provides open access to all its contents, in adherence to the principle that making research freely available supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
MyCP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, also known as CC BY-NC.
Contents are published in both PDF and XML formats.
Authors who publish in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico must accept the following conditions:
Pursuant to Mexican copyright laws, México y la Cuenca del Pacífico acknowledges and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights, which will be assigned to the University of Guadalajara to publish the articles in an open-access mode.
México y la Cuenca del Pacífico does not charge the authors any fees for receiving and processing their articles.
Authors are permitted to enter into other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article version published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico (for example, publishing it in an institutional repository or in other printed or electronic media) as long as they clearly state that the piece was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico.
Pursuant to the above, once the article is approved for publication, authors must send the Assignment of Rights Agreement form duly filled and signed. This form must be sent to mexicoylacuenca@gmail.com as a PDF file.
Readers/users of México y la Cuenca del Pacífico can freely access the journal new issues as soon as they are uploaded. Readers/users are allowed to cite, share (both electronically and physically), print and distribute the material, provided they expressly state that the work was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico. Contents are to be properly cited and never for commercial purposes.