China and Mexico: economic performance and religious ethical values
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v4i10.477Keywords:
economic performance, religious and ethical values, China, MexicoAbstract
This article explores the relationship between the economic, religious and ethical values of Mexico and China. The article is based on the cultural dimensions of Hofstede, Gert and Minkov (2010). The authors argue that although both countries are similar in many ways, they show strong differences in the dimensions of indulgence, pragmatism and uncertainty. These variables impact economic areas such as savings and entrepreneurship as well as disposition towards short-term or long-term outlook. We suggest that these cultural differences have their origin in the ethical and religious values of both countries, and therefore we discusses the formation of Catholicism and Confucianism as the basis of the values influencing economic performance. Religion in Mexico is about a relationship with God based on the promise of a better future in the afterlife, while in Chinese thought (the product of a pragmatic vision shaped by philosophical systems such as Confucianism as well as by different religions), the human being is the center of existence and acts for the present good. We conclude that these different ethical-religious approaches affecting the economic performance of both nations are the result of a historical process involving the gradual development and social acceptance of ethical and religious values.Downloads
References
Adams, Richard (1991), Prehistoric Mesoamerica, Londres: University of Oklahoma Press.
Adent Hoecklin, Lisa (1993), Managing Cultural Differences for Competitive Advantage, Londres: Economist Intelligence Unit.
Adler, Joseph A. (2002), Chinese Religions, Londres: Routledge.
Arrighi, Giovanni (2007), Adam Smith en Pekín: Orígenes y fundamentos del siglo XXI, Madrid: Akal.
Arruñada, Benito (2010), “Protestants and Catholics: Similar Work Ethic, Different Social Ethic”, The Economic Journal, 120(547): 890-918.
Banco Mundial (2014), Datos de libre acceso del Banco Mundial, disponible en: http://datos.bancomundial.org/ (Consultado septiembre 13, 2014).
Becker, Sascha, y Woessmann, Ludger (2009), “Was Weber wrong? A human capital theory of Protestant economic history”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(2): 531-596.
Chen, Jian, y Tian, Jun (2013), “Chinese Economic Growth, Reform and Key Factors behind these: A quantitative analysis”, en Bin Wu, Shujie Yao, y Jian Chen (ed.), China’s Development and Harmonization: Towards a Balance with Nature, Society and the International Community, Londres: Routledge, pp. 93-111.
Chen, Yong (2012), ¿Es el confucionismo una religión? La controversia sobre la religiosidad confuciana, su significado y trascendencia, México, DF: El Colegio de México.
Ching, Julia (1993), Chinese Religions, Nueva York: Orbis Books.
Confucio (1995), Analects, Nueva York: Dover Publications.
Conrad, Geoffrey, y Demarest, Arthur (2002), Religion and Empire: The Dynamics of Aztec and Incas expansionism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Das, Dlip K. (2008), The Chinese Economic Renaissance: Apocalypse or Cornucopia?, Nueva York: Palgrave-McMillan.
Dussel, Enrique (2000), Polarizing Mexico: The impact of Liberalizing Strategy, Londres: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Fuentes, Carlos (1999), The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World, Nueva York: Mariner Books.
Fung, Yu-lan (1997), A Short History of Chinese Philosophy, Nueva York: Free Press.
Gehman, Joel, Treviño, Linda, y Garud, Raghu (2013), “Values work: A process study of the emergence and performance of organizational values practices”, Academy of Management Journal, 56(1): 84-112.
González, Juan (2003), China: Reforma económica y apertura externa: Transformación, efectos y desafíos, un enfoque neoinstitucional, México, DF: Cámara de Senadores.
Grim, Brian J. (2008, mayo 2), “Religion in China on the Eve of the 2008 Beijing Olympics”, Pew Research: Religion and Public Life Project, disponible en http://www.pewforum.org/2008/05/01/religion-in-china-on-the-eve-of-the-2008-beijing-olympics/
Hilary Gilles, y Kai Wai, Hui (2009), “Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America?”, Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3): 455-473.
Hofstede, Geert (1980), Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Hofstede, Geert (2008, diciembre 13), Values, norms and religion, disponible en http://www.geerthofstede.com/media/1105/whatsonmymindfeb2008.doc
Hofstede, Geert, Hofstede, Gert J., y Minkov, Michael (2010), Cultures and organizations, Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.
House, Robert, Hanges, Paul, Javidan, Mansour, Dorfman, Peter, y Gupta, Vpin (2004), Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Hung, Ming (2012), The Spirit of the Chinese People, With: An Essay on Civilization and Anarchy, Londres: Forgotten Books.
Jaime, Edna (2001), “La lógica de la reforma económica”, en Rubio, Luis (ed.), Políticas económicas de México contemporáneo, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica/Conaculta, pp. 50-65.
Jiao, Wu (2007), “Religious believers thrice the estimate”, China Daily, febrero 7, disponible en http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/07/content_802994.htm
Kaasa, Anneli, y Vadi, Maaja (2010), “How does culture contribute to innovation? Evidence from European countries”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19(7): 583-604.
Knight, Alan (2002), Mexico: The colonial Era, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kumar, Alok, Page, Jeremy, y Spalt, Oliver (2011), “Religious beliefs, gambling attitudes, and financial market outcomes”, Journal of Financial Economics, 102(3): 671-708.
La Porta, Rafael, López-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, y Vishny, Robert (1997), “Trust in Large Organizations”, American Economic Review, 87(2): 333-338.
Lafaye, Jaques (1987), Quetzalcoatl and Guadalupe: The Formation of Mexican National Consciousness, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
León Portilla, Miguel (2003), Los antiguos mexicanos, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Liu, William, y Leung, Beatrice (2002), “Organizational Revisionism: Explaining Metamorphosis of China’s Catholic Church”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(1): 121-138.
Lohmann, Roger (2005), “Culture”, en Jones, Lindsay (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion, Detroit: MacMillan Reference USA.
Madisson, Angus (2007), Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run: 960-2030, París: OCDE.
Mahtaney, Piya (2007), India, China and Globalization: The emerging Super-powers and the Future of Economic Development, Nueva York: Palgrave-MacMillan.
Mensah, Yaw M. (2014), “An Analysis of the Effect of Culture and Religion on Perceived Corruption in a Global Context”, Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2): 255-282.
Moreno-Bird, Juan, y Ros, Jaime (2010), Desarrollo y crecimiento en la economía mexicana: Una perspectiva histórica, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Netzahualcóyotl (2011), Poemas, Barcelona: Red Ediciones.
OCDE (2007), Getting it Right: OCDE Perspectives on Policy Challenges in Mexico, París: OCDE.
Paz, Octavio (2004), El laberinto de la soledad, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Renneboog, Luc, y Spaenjers, Christophe (2012), “Religion, economic attitudes, and household finance”, Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1): 103-127.
Ricard, Robert (1982), The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico: An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicants Order in New Spain, Los Ángeles: University of California Press.
Schwartz, Shalom S. (1999), “A theory of cultural values and some implications for work”, Applied Psychology, 48(1): 23-47.
Shaughnessy, Edward (2008), China: Creencias y rituales, creación y descubrimientos, Barcelona: Blume.
Shu, Tao, Sulaeman, Johan, y Yeung, Eric (2010), “Local religious beliefs and organizational risk-taking behaviors”, Working Paper, University of Georgia.
Soustelle, Jaques (1970), La vida cotidiana de los aztecas en vísperas de la conquista, México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Statman, Meir (2008), “Countries and Culture in Behavioral Finance”, Institute Conference Proceedings Quarterly, 25(3): 38-44.
Stulz, Rene M., y Williamson, Rojan (2003), “Culture, openness and finance”, Journal of Finance Economics, 70(3): 313-349.
Swartz, David (1997), Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Tobón, Natalia (2013), “Ser jesuita: Una puerta de entrada a China”, China Files, marzo 29, disponible en http://www.china-files.com/es/link/27530/ser-jesuita-una-puerta-de-entrada-a-china
UNESCO (1982), Declaración de México sobre las políticas culturales, disponible en http://portal.unesco.org/culture/es/files/35197/11919413801mexico_sp.pdf/mexico_sp.pdf
USCIRF (2014), Annual Report: China, disponible en http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/China%202014.pdf
Vermander, Benoit (2009), “Religious Revival and Exit from Religion in Contemporary China”, China Perspectives, núm. 4, pp. 4-15.
Warren, D. Hill, y Clark, John (2011), “Sports, Gambling, and Government: America’s First Social Compact?”, American Anthropologist, 103(2): 331-345.
Weber, Max (1930), The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism, Nueva York: Harper Collins.
Yang, Fenggang (2009), Religion in China: Survival and Revival under Communist Rule, Nueva York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zhang, Wei-Wei (2000), Transforming China: Economic Reform and its Political Implications, Nueva York: St. Martin Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Open Access Policy
This journal provides open access to all its contents, in adherence to the principle that making research freely available supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
MyCP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, also known as CC BY-NC.
Contents are published in both PDF and XML formats.
Authors who publish in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico must accept the following conditions:
Pursuant to Mexican copyright laws, México y la Cuenca del Pacífico acknowledges and respects the authors’ moral right and ownership of property rights, which will be assigned to the University of Guadalajara to publish the articles in an open-access mode.
México y la Cuenca del Pacífico does not charge the authors any fees for receiving and processing their articles.
Authors are permitted to enter into other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article version published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico (for example, publishing it in an institutional repository or in other printed or electronic media) as long as they clearly state that the piece was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico.
Pursuant to the above, once the article is approved for publication, authors must send the Assignment of Rights Agreement form duly filled and signed. This form must be sent to mexicoylacuenca@gmail.com as a PDF file.
Readers/users of México y la Cuenca del Pacífico can freely access the journal new issues as soon as they are uploaded. Readers/users are allowed to cite, share (both electronically and physically), print and distribute the material, provided they expressly state that the work was originally published in México y la Cuenca del Pacífico. Contents are to be properly cited and never for commercial purposes.
